theory n. 1.理論,學(xué)理,原理。 2.學(xué)說(shuō),論說(shuō) (opp. hypothesis)。 3.推測(cè),揣度。 4.〔口語(yǔ)〕見(jiàn)解,意見(jiàn)。 the theory of two points 兩點(diǎn)論。 Darwin's theory of evolution 達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論。 theory of equations 【數(shù)學(xué)】方程論。 theory of everything 【物理學(xué)】(把相對(duì)論、量子論和宇宙大爆炸理論都包括在內(nèi)的)萬(wàn)用理論。 theory of relativity 【物理學(xué)】相對(duì)論。 the atomic theory 原子說(shuō)。 Our scheme is good both in theory and in practice. 我們的方案在理論上和實(shí)施上都是好的。 combine [separate] theory with [from] practice 理論結(jié)合[脫離]實(shí)際。 My theory is that we must bring new blood into the Institute through appointment of younger men to important positions. 我的意見(jiàn)是我們學(xué)院應(yīng)該通過(guò)重用年輕一些的人來(lái)注入新的血液。 theory of games 博弈論,對(duì)策論,權(quán)衡利弊得失的形勢(shì)分析。
But the chinese buddhism's theory of retribution for good and evil is already not any more the original indian buddhistical thought, and it is blended with massive chinese traditional thoughts 然而中國(guó)佛教的因果報(bào)應(yīng)論已經(jīng)不再是原本意義上的印度佛教思想,其中摻雜了大量的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想。
Among those scholars who have argued on it and left us with instructive thoughts, some are defenders of death penalty based on the theory of retribution, and some are critics 對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題,古今東西的先知與學(xué)者們有著各種各樣的爭(zhēng)論和辯論,也留下了為數(shù)很多的真知灼見(jiàn)。其中不乏以報(bào)應(yīng)思想為根據(jù)為死刑進(jìn)行辯護(hù)或者對(duì)其進(jìn)行批判的學(xué)者。
As to the question about the function of criminal penalty, the traditional theory of retribution is facing up with unprecedented suspect and question and strong challenge prom the theory of purpose . as the pattern of criminal liability, criminal penalty no longer has natural justification . people begin to rethink the traditional idea that all crimes must be punished for the purpose of rectifying crimes 在刑罰功能的問(wèn)題上,傳統(tǒng)的報(bào)應(yīng)刑理論正在經(jīng)受著前所未有的懷疑與詰問(wèn),受到目的性理論強(qiáng)有力的挑戰(zhàn),刑罰作為犯罪的責(zé)任方式不再擁有天然的正當(dāng)性,人們開始根據(jù)犯罪矯正的目的而重新審視有罪必罰的傳統(tǒng)觀念。
The theory of retribution has a long history and is still vitally alive because this theory provides the foundation for the establishment and abolishment of death penalty . the justification of its existence lies in that it has evolved from “ tit for tit, tat for tat ” to the opposition of “ non-punishment for the guilty ”, “ punishment for the innocent ”, “ severe punishment for minor commitment ” and “ lenient punishment for serious commitment ” 報(bào)應(yīng)之刑由“以血還血,以牙還牙”的原始形態(tài)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的反對(duì)有罪不罰、無(wú)罪施罰、輕罪重罰與重罪輕罰,主張罪刑均衡的正義之刑,可以從中充分的認(rèn)識(shí)到其旺盛的生命力。